Pholcodine Monohydrate is used as the primary active ingredient in the formulation of antitussive (cough suppressant) medications. This drug is mainly prescribed for the relief of dry, irritating, non-productive coughs. It acts centrally on the brain to suppress the cough reflex.
Pholcodine is a semi-synthetic opioid alkaloid that reduces the cough reflex by acting on central cough receptors in the medulla oblongata. Compared to codeine and other opioids, it carries a lower risk of addiction and dependence and is less likely to cause respiratory depression. The onset of action is typically within 30 to 60 minutes after oral administration, with effects lasting up to 6 hours.
Montelukast, marketed under the brand name Singulair, is a widely used leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) that plays a critical role in the management of respiratory and allergic conditions. Approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) since 1998, montelukast is prescribed globally for the prevention and long-term treatment of asthma, relief of symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis, and prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm.
Montelukast is particularly valued for its oral administration route, making it a convenient option for patients of all ages, including children. It is often used as an adjunct therapy in patients whose asthma is not adequately controlled with inhaled corticosteroids alone. Montelukast works by selectively blocking leukotriene D4 receptors in the lungs and bronchial tubes.
